At the end of 1986, Raising Hell was rap’s best-selling album up to that point, though it would soon be outsold by the Beastie Boys’ Licensed to Ill. Profile Records hoped that Run-D.M.C.’s fourth album, Tougher Than Leather, would exceed the Beastie Boys’ quintuple-platinum status, but unfortunately, the group’s popularity had decreased by 1988. One of Run-D.M.C.’s strong points — its love of rock & roll — was also its undoing in hip-hop circles. Any type of crossover success tends to be viewed suspiciously in the hood, and hardcore hip-hoppers weren’t overly receptive to “Miss Elaine,” “Papa Crazy,” “Mary, Mary,” and other rap-rock delights found on the album. Thanks largely to rock fans, this album did go platinum for sales exceeding one million copies — which ironically, Profile considered a disappointment. But the fact is that while Tougher Than Leather isn’t quite as strong as Run-D.M.C.’s first three albums, it was one of 1988′s best rap releases. [Arista/Legacy reissued Tougher Than Leather as a deluxe edition in 2005, containing four bonus tracks -- an instrumental of "Beats to the Rhyme," a demo called "Crack," their holiday standard "Christmas in Hollis," and a radio ad promoting their April 1987 interview in Penthouse magazine -- and liner notes by Chuck D.] – Alex Henderson