Aube

All Music Guide:

Akifumi Nakajima's Aube project has amassed a lengthy discography, most entries realizing the maximum capacity for audio variation from a minimum of sampled input (in many cases, a single sound source). Influenced by space rock and musique concrète, Nakajima began recording in 1980 but released nothing until a decade later, when he produced music for an art installation given by a group of friends. Since the installation involved water, he decided to use appropriately watery sounds for the music. Nakajima's first Aube release came in 1991, when the Japanese noise label Vanilla released his cassette LP Hydrophobia. Quite a few more water-related recordings followed, and Nakajima soon began branching out by using varied sources such as field recordings, the hum from fluorescent lamps, human voices, brain waves, heartbeats, even pages being ripped from a Bible. He has recorded for Staalplaat, Manifold, Charnel Music, Pure, Iris Light, and the Grand Rapids-based upstart Elsie & Jack Records. Nakajima also operates a cassette-only label named G.R.O.S.S. that has released several albums of Aube material. In 1999 the album Evocation was added to his discography, and a year later, Aube released Ricochentrance and Blood Brain Barrier, respectively.

Wikipedia:

Aube (French pronunciation: ​[ob]) is a French department in the Champagne-Ardennes region of north-eastern France named after the Aube River. In 1995, its population was 293,100 inhabitants.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises

With 303,298 inhabitants according to the census of 2009, Aube is 75th in terms of population at the national level and the 2nd largest on the regional level.

The department was constituted as it is today by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790. As with sixty departments in France, it is named after the name of a river.Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist}} template (see the help page).

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Geography[edit]

Location[edit]

The Aube department is located in the south-west side of the Champagne-Ardenne region. It borders the departments of Marne in the north (about 130 km long), Haute-Marne to the east (about 100 km long), Côte-d'Or in the south-east (about 45 km long), Yonne in the south-west (about 175 km long), and Seine-et-Marne in the west (about 45 km long).

Subregions or Aube "country"[edit]

Within the department regions of natural or traditional countryside can be identified as follows:

to the east: the Barrois between Troyes and Barrois: Champagne wetlands

Communes of Aube[edit]

Aube is divided into 433 communes totalling 308,503 inhabitants. Major cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants) are:

They are mostly located in the centre of the department. Four of those five cities are part of the Agglomeration of Troyes.

Topography and geology[edit]

Hydrography[edit]

There are 23 rivers throughout the department, the four main rivers being the Seine, the Aube (tributary of the Seine), the Armance (tributary of the Armançon), and the Vanne (a tributary of the Yonne).

Forests and Lakes[edit]

The department has 140,000 hectares of forests.

Located in the Community of communes of Forests, lakes, and lands in Champagne, the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park was one of the first natural parks created in France.

In the same place, there is the Orient Lake and the Amance and Temple lakes where fishing, recreational water sports, and bathing are available. Each lake specialises in one or more of these activities.

Climate[edit]

The climate is moderate without intense cold or excessive heat which represents a climate similar to continental and oceanic.

Between 1950 and 1985 the average annual temperature recorded in the department was 10.1°C which is equivalent to the Paris basin and the cities of north-eastern France. The average sunshine hours per year is 1771.

Average annual rainfall is quite high (653.4mm over 115 days of rain). In general there is more rain in autumn than in winter but rainfall is highest during spring. In contrast summer is the season when rainfall is lowest. There is, however, more rain in the south-east than the north-west.

Snow is relatively infrequent. Prevailing wind is from the west.

Weather Data for Troyes

Channels of communication and transport[edit]

Road Network[edit]

The department has 150 km of autoroutes, 33 km of national roads, 4,517 km of departmental roads and 2,116 km of local roads.

Communal Transport[edit]

In the Agglomeration of Troyes TCAT (Transport for the Communes of Troyes) provides a transport network between communes. Unlike many networks that are provided by other operators, the agglomeration community of the city is the owner of the company. The network currently serves eleven communes including two outside the Troyes agglomeration. Other cities, including Romilly-sur-Seine, have no transport network.

Aube also has intercity transport networks. 21 regular bus routes are operated between the major cities of the department. The use of these lines is entrusted to private coaches: Transdev - The Carriers of Aube has 15 routes, Keolis Sud Lorraine has 4 routes, Procars Champagne has 2 routes, Autocars Bardy has one route.

Rail network[edit]

Five railway stations are currently in operation. These are: Nogent-sur-Seine, Romilly-sur-Seine, Troyes, Vendeuvre-sur-Barse, Bar-sur-Aube.

Aube does not have a strong rail coverage. Only one main non-electrified line passes through Aube - the line that connects Paris-Est to Mulhouse.

Navigable Waterways[edit]

The department has 34.8 km of navigable waterways/>. The city of Nogent-sur-Seine has two river ports for grain.Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist}} template (see the help page).Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).

Toponymy[edit]

Aube takes its name from the river.

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History[edit]

Early History[edit]

The first inhabitants of Aube were the Tricasses and Lingons with a substantial human settlement around the year 400 BC.

Saints Potentian and Savinian, Greek priests from Samos, came to preach the gospel from the middle of the 3rd century. Saint Patroclus was one of the first martyrs of the new faith in the year 259. Shortly after Saint Jule and some notables of the city of Tricasses also suffered martyrdom. Nevertheless, as elsewhere, the Christian community became large enough to accommodate a bishop. Saint Amateur was the first in 340. In the year 286 the Bagaudae ravaged the land which forms Aube. Emperor Julian came to Troyes with his army and rescued it.

The territory making up Aube was first attached to France in 843, following the Treaty of Verdun.

The 12th century and the monasteries[edit]

Two important monasteries were founded in the department: one at Clairvaux in 1114, created by Bernard of Clairvaux, the other at Paraclete, by his illustrious rival, Pierre Abélard and of which Héloïse d'Argenteuil was the first abbess. Bernard of Clairvaux was noted for his eloquence at the Council of Troyes and his preaching of the Second Crusade which had no result and whose outcome was disastrous.

The reunion of Champagne with the kingdom of France was finalised in 1361. Yet people wanted absolutely the incorporation of Champagne but in 1328 King Philip VI gave the city of Bar-sur-Seine to Philippe de Croy. The inhabitants, however, ransomed him to return it to the king on the condition that it become inalienable.

Definitive reunion with Kingdom of France[edit]

The decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790 formally established the department of Aube. Its first president was Augustin-Henri-Marie Picot and his first deputy was Louis Antoine Joseph Robin. Jacques Claude Beugnot was elected Attorney-General and also MP.

The 19th century marked the emergence of the Hosiery business in the department.

After the victory of the allies in the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the department was occupied by Russian troops from June 1815 to November 1818.

In 1911 following the revolt of the vineyards of Champagne large Riots broke out in the department. The consequences of this were tragic because the clashes resulted in dozens of injuries.

In 1919, a decree allowed Aube department to produce champagne for the first time.

In 1932 Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk visited Aube and signed a friendship treaty with France there on 4 July 1938.

Heraldry[edit]

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Politics and Administration[edit]

General Council[edit]

The General Council of Aube is located in Troyes. Its president has been DVD Senator Philippe Adnot since July 1990. It includes the 33 councillors of the 33 cantons of Aube. Of these, 26 are from the Right (mainly the UMP), the others are from the Socialist Party, the Communist Party and the Greens. Currently the budget of the General Council is €329.8 million. Its main mission and expenditure on social activities and health.Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist}} template (see the help page).

Politics[edit]

Aube returns three Deputies to the National Assembly, all of whom are from the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), and two Senators: one UMP and one right-wing independent.

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Demography[edit]

Distribution of the population[edit]

Aube is inhabited by 308,503 people with more than a third (130,430 inhabitants) live in the Troyes agglomeration.

Demographic change[edit]

In 2009, the department had 303,298 inhabitants.

Sources : Historical data of Aube department on the SPLAF website Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Distribution of Age Groups[edit]

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aube compared to Champagne-Ardennes region in 2009

Sources:

Breakdown of population by socio-professional categories[edit]

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Economy[edit]

General[edit]

The economy of Aube has focused on the textile industry since the 19th century. This sector is now in crisis due to the department being in an area of real economic change.

In 2007, the departmental workforce totalled 139,083 with 121,966 persons in employment and 17,117 people unemployed. Men accounted for nearly 53% of the active population and women 47%.

The Aube department has a high rate of feminization in employment. Nearly half of people with active jobs (46% in 2007) are women. The main areas affected by the feminization are trade, transport, textiles, utilities, education, and health. Women are slightly more affected than men by unemployment (54.8% of the unemployed in 2007). This is mainly due to layoffs in the textile sector.

Employment by sector[edit]

Distribution of Employment by Industry sector

Main economic sectors[edit]

Industry[edit]

Tourism[edit]

Agriculture[edit]

The utilized agricultural area is 379,720 hectares. Aube is largest producer of hemp; the 2nd largest producer of champagne, cabbage for sauerkraut, medicinal poppies, and alfalfa; the 6th largest producer of potatoes; the 8th largest producer of cereals; and the 9th largest producer of beet in France.Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist}} template (see the help page).Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).

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Population and Society[edit]

Education[edit]

Primary and secondary[edit]

In 2010 elementary and secondary education consisted of:

Higher Education[edit]

According to the latest census of the academic inspectorate of Aube in 2009 the department has 8,794 students in higher education.

Public Schools

Private Schools

Health[edit]

Sports[edit]

There are 580 clubs and sports associations in the Aube department. The main ones are:

Media[edit]

Radio[edit]

At Troyes there are three independent local radio stations:

At Romilly-sur-Seine, in addition to Latitude Radio, there is a local independent radio broadcaster: Radio Aube et Seine.

French Christian Radio (RCF) Aube is located in the department.

Television[edit]

Daily Newspapers[edit]

Justice[edit]

All Aube jurisdictions are located in Troyes. The city has a Tribunal d'instance and a High Court, a commercial court and an Employment Tribunal for civil and criminal jurisdictions. There is also a Correctional court and a Juvenile court.

Appeals, however, are passed to the Court of Appeal in Reims.

Waste Management[edit]

Aube currently has two storage facilities for radioactive waste:

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Culture and heritage[edit]

Cultural Venues[edit]

Theatres and concerts[edit]

Cinemas[edit]

The four main theatres are:

Cultural festivities[edit]

Gastronomy[edit]

Monuments and tourist sites[edit]

The Aube has 365 historical monuments of which 144 are classified, and 221 are enrolled.

Castles[edit]

Museums[edit]

Other historic sites[edit]

Tourist Places[edit]

Troyes

Troyes Cathedral

Aix-en-Othe

Clairvaux Abbey

Bar-sur-Aube

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Notable People linked to the Department[edit]